A personality disorder is a long-standing, unhealthy pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that affects the way a person relates to others and functions in daily life. These patterns often begin forming during the teenage years, especially when someone struggles to maintain or build healthy relationships at school, work, or home.
When these patterns persist into adulthood, they can make it difficult to function in a healthy way in society. Many people with a diagnosed personality disorder are unaware of the impact of their behaviors. They may view their difficulties as the fault of others and resist taking responsibility for their actions. This cycle of thinking can make the disorder harder to address.
Common Types of Personality Disorders
Approximately 10% of the population is affected by a personality disorder. Some of the most common include:
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (not to be confused with OCD)
What Causes Personality Disorders?
Research suggests that both genetics and environmental factors play a role in the development of personality disorders. Some studies also show connections between traits like anxiety, fear, or aggression and certain personality types.
Significant childhood experiences can increase the risk, including:
- Sexual abuse
- Physical abuse — extreme cases may lead to borderline personality disorder
- Verbal abuse
- High-reactivity environments — linked to anxious personality traits
- Inconsistent parenting — children may be three times more likely to develop narcissistic personality disorder
- Severe bullying
Treating Personality Disorders
Effective treatment begins with finding a mental health professional experienced in personality disorders. While these conditions can be challenging to treat due to deeply ingrained patterns, progress is possible with the right approach.
Evidence-based treatments include:
- Behavior Therapy / Behavior Modification
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
- Support groups
- Medication (when appropriate)
Recovery takes time. Because these thought, feeling, and behavior patterns often develop over many years, it’s important to be patient—with yourself and with loved ones—throughout the process.
If you suspect you or someone you care about may be living with a personality disorder, early evaluation and treatment can make a meaningful difference. Contact Olney Counseling Center to learn more about diagnosis, therapy options, and support.
