Mania and hypomania share similar symptoms, but they differ in severity, duration, and impact on daily life. Hypomania is considered a milder form of mania and is associated with bipolar II disorder, while mania occurs in bipolar I disorder.
These episodes differ in how long they last, how significantly they impair functioning, whether hospitalization is required, and the level of treatment needed.
- Mania typically lasts at least one week, often severely disrupting daily functioning and sometimes requiring hospitalization.
- Hypomania usually lasts four to seven days and often does not cause significant impairment in day-to-day activities.
Symptoms of Mania and Hypomania
While the symptoms are similar, those experienced during hypomania are generally less severe than those during mania. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent feelings of euphoria or extreme happiness, often lasting most of the day for several days
- Noticeably higher levels of activity, energy, and excitement
- Needing less sleep while still feeling rested
- Reduced appetite or skipping meals without feeling hungry
- Engaging in risky or reckless behaviors (e.g., spending large sums, risky sexual activity, gambling, reckless driving)
- Increased impulsivity and taking on many tasks at once
- Heightened irritability or aggression
- Overconfidence or excessive optimism outside of usual behavior
- Racing thoughts, rapid speech, and fast-moving ideas
- Becoming easily distracted by unimportant details
- Hyperfocus on a particular activity or project
How Mania and Hypomania Are Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a mental health professional or other qualified healthcare provider ruling out medical conditions that could cause similar symptoms. Once medical causes are excluded, a therapist or clinician uses the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to make an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Both mania and hypomania can be treated through a combination of therapy and, in some cases, medication.
- Psychotherapy — One-on-one counseling with a therapist can help individuals identify triggers, manage symptoms, and develop coping strategies. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a common and effective approach, especially for hypomania.
- Medication — Treatment may involve antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anti-seizure medications (more common for mania), or antidepressants.
- Lifestyle and Self-Care — For some individuals with hypomania, focusing on healthy lifestyle changes, adequate rest, and stress management can help without the need for medication.
If you’re exploring adult therapy options, working with a therapist experienced in mood disorders can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes.
When to Seek Help
If you believe you may be experiencing symptoms of mania or hypomania, contact a mental health provider to discuss your concerns. If symptoms are severe or pose a danger to yourself or others, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
References
Cuncic, A. (Novemeber 30, 2021). Hypomania vs. mania: What’s the difference?. Very Well Mind. Retrieved October 15, 2023. https://www.verywellmind.com/hypomania-vs-mania-5208167
Cleveland Clinic (nd). Hypomania. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved October 15, 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21774-hypomania
Pietrangelo, A. (September 29, 2022). What you should know about mania vs. hypomania. Healthline. Retrieved on October 15, 2023. https://www.healthline.com/health/mania-vs-hypomania
