Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) share some overlapping traits but are distinct in their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Both are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and both can be diagnosed in childhood or adulthood.
It’s not uncommon for someone to be diagnosed with both ADHD and ASD, a change only allowed since 2013. In some cases, autism may even be misdiagnosed as ADHD. Understanding their similarities and differences is important for choosing the right support, whether that’s one on one counseling, adult therapy, or a combination of therapeutic approaches.
Similarities Between ADHD and ASD
Research shows a high rate of overlap:
- 22–83% of children with autism also meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
- 30–65% of people with ADHD also show signs of autism.
Common overlapping symptoms include:
- Difficulty with emotional regulation (managing distress, anger, frustration)
- Sensory sensitivities
- Social challenges
- Executive functioning difficulties (trouble organizing tasks, managing time, or completing projects)
- Impulsivity
- Learning difficulties or disabilities
- Problems with sustained focus
Differences Between ADHD and ASD
While both can cause social difficulties, the reasons often differ:
- ADHD-related social challenges often stem from impulsivity, interrupting, or difficulty paying attention during conversations.
- ASD-related social challenges may come from trouble interpreting social cues, body language, or tone, along with withdrawn behaviors and avoiding eye contact.
Other key distinctions:
- Speech and Communication — ASD can involve speech delays, unusual speech patterns, or complete lack of speech, while ADHD typically does not.
- Activity Levels — ADHD often involves hyperactivity, trouble sitting still, rapid task switching, and frequent interruptions.
- Focus Patterns — ADHD can involve distractibility and shifting attention, while ASD may include intense focus on specific interests.
- Repetitive Behaviors — Individuals with ASD may engage in repetitive movements or “stimming” (like rocking), while people with ADHD may dislike repetition and rigid routines.
Treatment Approaches
For ADHD:
- Psychiatric medications
- Behavioral therapy
- Skills training
- One on one counseling with a qualified therapist
For ASD:
- Behavioral therapy
- Psychiatric medications
- Speech therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Social skills counseling
Getting a Diagnosis
If you or your child shows symptoms of ADHD, ASD, or both, start with a conversation with your doctor or a mental health professional. From there, they may recommend assessments to confirm a diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan.
The right combination of therapy, skill-building, and support can make a meaningful difference—whether you’re navigating ADHD, ASD, or both.
Resources:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
Arthur, S. (2023). Do I have ADHD, autism, or both?. Psych central. https://psychcentral.com/adhd/can-you-have-adhd-and-autism
Holland, K (2024). The relationship between ADHD and autism. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/autism-and-adhd
Rudy, L. (2023). Autism vs. ADHD: What are the differences?. Very well health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/autism-vs-adhd-5213000
Sokolova, E., et al(2017). A causal and mediation analysis of the comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 47(6), 1595–1604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3083-7
